Buttercream is a dream to work with, until it isn’t. In this tutorial I'll cover 10 common buttercream problems including cracking, melting, turning yellow, and bursting out of piping bags. With my tips and tricks you'll learn how to troubleshoot every single one and how to fix it so your buttercream is smooth, stable, and perfect for frosting, piping, flavouring, or freezing. I'll be using my 4 Minute Buttercream for all of my examples 🙂
Air bubbles happen when too much air gets mixed into your buttercream. This usually happens when mixing on high speed or if your buttercream rests for too long. Air bubbles also appear after chilling buttercream, when it returns to room temperature. If your buttercream looks spongey, it probably has air bubbles trapped inside.
To avoid this, always mix your buttercream on the lowest speed possible. Use a paddle attachment or beater instead of a whisk, since a whisk will beat in more air. But if the bubbles are already there you can stir them out. Use a spatula to stir aggressively, knocking the buttercream against the sides of the bowl to knock the air out. This really helps if your buttercream has been sitting for a while or has just come out of the fridge.
Use one of my favourite buttercream hacks for really stubborn air bubbles. Scoop out about a third of your buttercream and microwave it for just 10 seconds. Then stir it back into the rest. This melts just enough of the buttercream to mix everything together smoothly, giving you the perfect texture with no air bubbles.
If your piping looked great at first but then starts to droop or lose its shape, it’s probably because of your hands. Their warmth while you're squeezing the piping bag can soften the buttercream as it starts to melt. This is especially common with flowers and detailed decorations that take a while to pipe and really need to hold their shape!
The fix is simple: put your piping bag in the freezer for one minute. Just one. Any longer and the buttercream will freeze against the metal piping tip, making it too hard to pipe. After a minute, your buttercream will be firmer and you’ll get clean, crisp piping again. Use it with any piping tips, even Russian Tips - get my tips for those in this tutorial.
Butter is naturally yellow so if you’re making an all-butter buttercream, it will have a yellow tint. That’s fine for some cakes but not if you’re aiming for a bright white frosting.
Here’s a clever colour trick: add violet! Take a toothpick, dip it into violet gel food colouring, and swipe just a tiny amount through your buttercream. Violet cancels out yellow and when you've mixed it in, you’ll end up with a bright white buttercream. This is so useful for wedding cakes! Make sure you use a toothpick instead of adding a full drop of violet to prevent turning the buttercream purple.
You’ve spent ages smoothing your cake and it’s looking flawless… until someone (maybe you!) accidentally pokes it. It’s one of the most annoying buttercream problems but it’s surprisingly easy to fix.
Whether the frosting is still soft or it's already set, spread a small amount of fresh buttercream over the dent. To smooth it, use a small piece of acetate. This is flexible plastic used for cake decorating and it comes in sheets or rolls. Cut a small square, about 3 inches or 10cm, and gently scrape over the damaged area. It’ll follow the curve of the cake and blend the repair seamlessly into the rest of the frosting. The dent will disappear like it never happened.
If your piping bag bursts or the tip pops out mid-way through decorating, it’s probably because of how the piping tip was fitted. Disposable piping bags are sealed at the tip so they need to be cut properly to hold piping tips securely.
To prevent bursting bags, drop your piping tip into the bag and push it down to the end. Then score a line halfway up the piping tip with scissors and slide the tip out. Cut along the line you just made and then push the piping tip back down into place. Now the bag will hold it snugly and the tip won’t pop out no matter how much pressure you apply.
Sometimes buttercream just refuses to get smooth, no matter how many times you scrape around the cake. If your frosting has shallow imperfections or little ridges that won’t go away, use heat to fix it!
Switch to a metal cake scraper and warm it up using a blowtorch, hairdryer, or hot water. Dry it completely so it’s warm and dry, not hot or wet. Now scrape gently around the cake. The warmth will melt the outer surface of the buttercream as you go, filling in imperfections and leaving behind a super smooth finish.
If your buttercream melts or slides off the cake, you’re probably working in a hot kitchen or the cake is outside in warm weather. Just like butter melts, all-butter buttercream melts quickly in the heat.
A great way to prevent buttercream from melting is to swap half the butter in your recipe for vegetable shortening. This has different brand names in different countries, like Crisco or Trex. It’s much more stable than butter and won’t melt as quickly.
To keep the same buttery flavour, add half a teaspoon of clear vanilla extract, which gives your buttercream that rich, buttery taste without the sharpness of shortening. You can still tint it, pipe it, and smooth it just like you would with traditional buttercream but it’ll hold up much better outdoors.
Buttercream cracks when it sets and then gets moved. You’ll often see small cracks appear around the bottom edge of the cake, which are caused by the board bending under the cake’s weight. This can be especially noticeable if you’re using a thin cake board.
To prevent cracks, always support your cake board by holding it underneath with one hand, especially if it’s a large or heavy cake. Even better, use a thicker, sturdy cake board that won’t flex. Once your frosting is set, you want the whole cake to stay still to avoid any shifting or cracking.
You can absolutely flavour buttercream with all sorts of ingredients! The key is to balance the amount of liquid you add. For anything runnier than buttercream like lemon curd, Nutella, peanut butter or cream cheese, add it one spoonful at a time. Stir and check the consistency after each spoonful so your buttercream doesn’t get too runny.
You're looking for a texture that’s still firm enough to hold its shape but soft enough to spread easily. If you want intense flavour without adding moisture, try using freeze-dried fruit powders like strawberry or pineapple instead of purées or juices. They add a lot of flavour without affecting the texture at all.
I wish I had known earlier in my cake career that you can freeze buttercream in multiple ways. Whether you’ve got leftovers or you're planning ahead for a cake order, freezing is a great option.
You can freeze buttercream on its own in an airtight container or ziplock bag. Or freeze it already spread between cake layers by wrapping the whole cake tightly in cling film (plastic wrap). You can even freeze an entire frosted cake or even a cake decorated with piping or other buttercream details! To do this, place the cake in the freezer uncovered for about an hour until the buttercream is firm. Then wrap it securely in two layers of plastic wrap and return it to the freezer.
When you’re ready to use or serve your buttercream cake, transfer it to the fridge the night before and then to room temperature a few hours before serving. Unwrap it as soon as you take it out of the fridge, before the buttercream softens so the plastic doesn’t damage your decorations. Cakes always taste best at room temperature so after taking it out of the fridge, wait at least 2 hours before serving.
Buttercream can be tricky but with these quick fixes you’ll be able to troubleshoot any issue that comes your way.
To learn even more about buttercream (including how to make it flawlessly, colour it, flavour it, pipe it, frost with it and more) check out my online course The Basics of Buttercream. You'll find that and all of my other online courses on my cake school. I hope to see you there!
You can also watch a video of this tutorial on how to fix 10 buttercream problems:
